~
DOD releases racist report
Claims Mexicans/Biacks
In 1846 New Mexico Governor Charles Bent
referred to Mexicans as "mongrels" who oppose
Anglo-American rule; ·
In UW9 G.B. Tingley of the California legislature
said, "Mexicans and Latins are devoid of in­telligence,
vicious, dishonest ... with an intellect
but one degree above the beast in the field ... "
In 1930 Dr. Roy I.Ganis, a so-called 'authority' ·
on eugenics, speaking for a U.S. Congress Sub­committee
said that "Mexican minds run to
nothing higher than animal functions ... "
In 1968 so-called 'historian' T.R. Fehrenbach of
San Antonio wrote in one of his books that Texas
Rangers used violence against Mexicans because
Mexicans are " ... devious, treacherous .. .' {Note:
Even today this . 'historian' continues polluting
minds with his warped opinions in the S.A. Ex­press);
In 1969 California Judge Gerald S. Chargin said
in an operi court ·that all Mexicans are " .. .lower
than animals ... miserable, lousy rotten people ... "
Now, last 'February the U.S. government,
through the Department of Defense {DOD), said in
a report published in many newspapers that Mex­icans
.Jlnd Blacks score lower on general aptitude
tests because of " ... genetic inferiority ... "
are Inferior
The DOD report claims that the DOD 'analysts'
are not racist because they were simply making
public the "results of a study .. "
These racist 'analysts' are no different than their
predecessors who suffered from white-supremacy
illusions.
They conveniently exonerated the racist educa­tional
system that has mass-produced Mexican­Chicano
and Black high school graduates unable to
read and write.
They 'innocently' ignored the fact, proven by -
thousands of scientific studies, that Mexican and
-----------·----~-----------------------·--------~-------~------------ Union
SAN ANTONIO-When the ·Ingram
Mfg. Co. foreman squashed the tacos that
IUE Shop Chairman George Moreno had
been warming for his lunch on a heater in
the shop, that was a "provocative act jus­tifying
a strong · spontaneous response,"
Arbitrator Otis King found.
The foreman's firing of Moreno on the
spot for his strongly-worded demand to
"get your #$%&*@# hands off my
lunch" and Ingram's-subsequent violation
of all due process in handling the dis­charge
were out of line, King found, and
he ordered Moreno reinstated with full
seniority, $10,869.34 backpay and all
other benefits.
er • I s alii
and his own lunch, and threatened with
the police when he didn't go at once. They
calJed it "insubordination, disrespect and
threatening" the foreman. Thanks to the
IUE contract and its policing by the un­ion,
Moreno got his award check dated
Dec. 27 plus his contract~al $125 Xmas
bonus.
t Moreno was fired March 4, 1981, with
no investigation by management. He was
given no chance to tell" his side of the
story or to have representation. The fore­man
gave the 8-year employee 15. minutes
in which to leave the shop after he said
what he said about the foreman's hands
The photo shows (1-r): CS Hulzar, Intl. Rep. Marti~ez, union witness Guadalupe
Rivera, MOreno with his backpay check and union witness Teo Aguilera. The Moreno
victory has couraged others to stand up to abusive management practices
One of the points made by International
Rep Jaime Martinez at the arbitration was
that not only Moreno ·wasn't guilty of
misconduct and insubordination but that
"the company's disregard for the employee
rights to equal treatment and to union rep­resentation
was a flagrant violation" of the.
contract. Not only was the foreman con­cerned
only with the shop chairman's
lunch, disregarding the other workers'
lunches which were warming, but the
grievance procedure was blocked, and In­gram
used the case to intimidate the other
employees by posting a notice of his ter­mination
on all bulletin boards.
El . Salvador Regime
Financed by
Reagan's Budget
President Ronald Reagan has
demanded millions of dollars more to
prop up the puppet regime in El
Salvador. Reagan claims that the jun­ta
has fulfilled the five conditions re­quired
by the international Security
and Development Cooperation Act of
1981 and that it is now ·protecting'
- ~•~c•
''Silva-Levi" .. :3
Re~garl'omics. 4
human rights.
The Political-Diplomatic Commis;
sion of the FMLN-FDR has issued the
following statement in response:
It is necessary to state our position in
this matter due to. the importance it car­ries,
not only for the Salvadorean people
who suffer the effects of U.S. assistance
to the government of El Salvador, hut
also for the American people whose taKes
are used to finance the junta despite the
fact that Americans in numerous occa­sions
have exrressed their opposition to
the junta.
We believe tliat the lack of information
and depth as well as the inaccuracies in
the Administration's certification totally
impair the will of Congress.
COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNA­TIONALLY
RECOGNIZED HUMAN
RIGHTS
The information gathered by
numerous human rights organizations
during 1981 demonstrates that the
Salvadorean Junta did not make signifi­cant
efforts to protecthuman rights. On
the contr~ry, the human rights situation
in El Salvador clearly dete~orated:
Ci7. 2
-The number of civilians not involved
in combat who were assassinated by the
army and security forces is much larger
than the total number of victims
assassinated during 1978, 1979, and 1980.
~See chartl ~
~ . .:;;;r·s
An increasing number of u.s. workers are protesting U.S. intervention en El
Salvador. This protest held outside Ft. Sam Houston was against the training
of Salvadorean soldiers by the Pentagon.
Page 2 EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
DOD report con't
Black students are victims of an inferior and racist
- educational system while Anglo children benefit
from a· better education at better schools.
They ·~nnocently' covered up the fact that Mex­ican
and Black families have suffered generation
after generation of low wages, racism and repres­sion
not only from isolated rednecks disguised as
policemen, bosses, teachers, politicians, etc. but
also from the U.S. government itself. It has been
these deplorable socio-economic conditions that
have contributed to the production of illiterate
high school graduates.
Many will undoubtedly accept the racist DOD
claim as fact. They too are victims of ihe teachings
of 'historians' like Fehrenback, Fray Angelico,
and others; They ignore the writings of Rodolfo
Acuna, Americo Paredes, and other Mexican
historians whose works reflect methodical in­vestigation
and not simply. a repetition of 'folksy'
racist tales.
The recent insults by the Department of Defense
stand as shameful proof, if anyone still needs such
proof, that we. are living in a racist society still
guided by that mental cancer called Manifest
Destiny. (Please see explanation of what Manifest
Destiny means~
Wouldn't it be great if all Mexican and Black
youth stayed away from all branches of the
military service·! Then only tpe "genetically
superior" Anglo kids would he the ones sent to
wars to die "protecting American interests."
What really • IS the
''Manifest Destiny''
doctrine of the · U.S.?
The doctrine known as "Manifest Destiny"
claims that " ... it is the U.S.'s manifest destiny to
overspread and to posses the whole continent
which Providence has given us for the develop­ment
of the great experiment of liberty entrusted.
to us ... "
Some historians and politicians have also define
it to he " ... our right to a vast threatre on which to
work out the grand experiment under the auspices
of the Anglo-Saxon race ... "
As early as the Thomas Jefferson and John Quin­cy
Adams era, the official government policy was
based openly on the Manifest Destiny doctrine.
For example, Spain was forced to give up the
Floridas after a long campaign of threats and in-timidation.
The resulting Adams-Onis Treaty of
1819 became the 'legal' document giving Florida to
the U.S.
The argument that the "devine providence"
meant for the U.S. -to control any territory it wants
has continued to be official foreign policy. The
'Monroe Doctrine, for example, was also based on
that believe.
For further reading on the "Manifest Destiny"
doctrine we recommend the following books:
Occupied America by: Rodolfo Acuna
Spiders in the House and Workers in the Field by:
Ernesto Galarza
The Great Exception by: Carey Me Williams
With a Pistol in His Hand by: Americo Paredes
The National Experience by: John M. Blum
Union member, con't
Arbitra~or King found, after hearing the
conflicting evidence, that whatever strong
language was used, "this plant, peopled
. . . by strong men doing hard physical
work, is certainly not Mother Murphy's
Candy Kitchen."
from the warmer, a supervisor "is not au­thorized
to mete out summary punishment
. . . ·(in) matters not directly and imme­diately
related to the management of plant
operations. If empioyees are to be held to
a standard of 'obey now and grieve later,'
is it .not appropriate that management be
Opposition to u.s.
Further, the foreman's "method of han­dling
the affair ... contained all the ele­ments
for creating . . . an 'atmosphere of
confrontation'." The matter should have
been put through the contractual machin­ery
in!'tead of being made a "one-on-one"
clash.
held t~ a parallel standard, at least, in
those areas where its right to manage the
plant is not directly involved?"
Management threatened Chief Steward
Vicente Huizar with discharge when he
tried to investigate the grievance. They
While an employee must obey an order told Inti. Rep. Martinez, wh_en h~ and
that doesn't bring danger to self or others, Amalgamated Local 1013 President Frank
King continued, and the foreman could Gonzales sought . facts at the_ p\ant, that
have ordered Moreno to remove his lunch he could be shot for trespassmg. e ettettetteJt .... ellelletenett ..... lle~~oet~e .. ~~oet~e ...... ll ....... ll ... lleMII .............. II.IIelttj
e A MEMO TO OUR REAVERS I NOTA A NUESTROS LECTORES: e ! EL PUEBLO wa~ not pabli~hed in the p~e~eding twoJ
! month~ due to 6inan~ia£. p~o blem~. In o~deft to buy!
! equipment uJtgently needed and ~eep publi~hing on a! I ~egula~ ba~i~, we need youft donation~. Ple:a~ e ~eepJ
e E L P U E B L 0 ali v e • Now m a ~ e than e v e Jt 1 ! ;
! EL - PUEBLO no ~e. publi~o en lo-6 pa-6ado~ 2 me~e~!
! po Jt p!to blema~ e ~o vtomi ~o~. N e. ~e.-&.itctmo~ ~ u.6 do nati vof.i! • , , b (), •
!pa!ta podeJt obtene.Jt equ,(po ne~e~a.Jr.-<_ o y pu .c,(~aft c.oni
! puntualidad. E£. tie.mro pa!ta lu~haJt e.& hoy! ! ! • • • • ~•ueueueneuetteneueneneueneueueneueuenenenenelletteueueueneueueueueneneueueneuen
Intervention GroWs
In S.A.
Organizations throughout Texas,
Arkansas and Oklahoma will converge
on Dallas next Saturday, March 27 to
rally against stepped up U.S. interven­tion
in El Salvador.
The rally will take place at 12:00
noon the same time as demonstrations
in Washington, D.C., Los Angeles and
the Midwest. A growing number of in­dividuals
and org:Jnizations are suppor­ting
these nation-wide protest.
Here· in San Antonio several people
met at the Mexican-American Culture
Center to form a coalition that would
mobilize support for the Da11as rally.
The S.A. Coalition has been carrying
out intense educational activities to ex­plain
tke U.S. role in El Salvador.
Members of the Coalition have been
setting up information tables at shopp­ing
centers and schools to distribute
literature, talk to the community and
raise money to send a large cont_ingent
of San Antonians to Dallas on March
27th.
In addition the Coalition sponsored
the showing of the film .. El Salvador:
El Pueblo Vencera-" at San Juan de los
Lagos Church. This critically acclaim­ed
documentary explains the history of
the struggle for self-determination in El
Salvador and exposes the brutality of
the ruling junta.
For more information about the
Coalition and its future activities or to
volunteer your much-needed help,
please call 534-9480 or 224-4250.
Tyrants are only beneficiaries of swings in foreign policy
President Reagan's ability to distort re- priority concern . ol l~e) Reagan Adminis-ality
in order for it to square with his view tr3tion. -
of reality has been well demonstrated in Ambassador Kirkpatrick's deputy pro-posed
dropping the special' attention that
the U.N. was paying to human rights vio­lations
in Chile. This was only six days
the economic program he has put forth. ---- -- -- - - --------------·--·-···--------·- -·--- ·-···i
~ow _he is trying to twi~t foreign affairs to I! ? • Reagan ' Hood and his Merry Men I ftt has strange conception of the truth. ' ~
With more evidence surfacing every ; i I
day that the El Salvador junta is massacre- _ I UUUU\JUUJ.JUUUUiwtn[UUUlruWV)£%J
ing civilians, missionaries, and . foreign /
journalists, and the head of the army rath- .
er than the president callS' the shots, the I
Reagan Administration has certified the
good behavior of the junta.
Now, after the stamp of approval for El
Salvador, President Reagan will shortly
certify that Chile's dictatorship and its tor­turers
are "making ::;ignific?.!'t progress"
with respect to human rights. The
certification is important because without
it the Chilean junta cannot qualify for mili­tary
aid under U.S. law.
Certified as Thugs, Killers
The certification of ChHe's good behav­ior
comes on the heels of its dictatorship's
expulsion of Jaime Castillo, a distinguished
lawyer and former justice minister for the
country.
Castillo, who is also the president of the
Chilean Commission on Human Rights was
banished for the high crime of asking for
a meeting with U.S. Ambassador to the
U.N. Jeane Kirkpatrick on her last visit to
Chile.
The.truly tragic part of this story is that
the dictators didn't have to worry about it
at all-- Kirkpatrick refused to meet with
O~dllo ~dyw~y ... ,Human rights is not a
-.. -- -
Sf'GFF'BN,..~€N
S~C~f UHIOIII ~~
before two other leading members of the
human rights movement in Chile were ar­rested
by the junta and jailed without
charges. They are both · still in custody.
The Reagan Administration's policy
toward Chile, along with its general at­titude
toward human rights, amounts to lit­tle
more than a reward system for tyrants
and torturers.
It Pays to Play Ball
R~agan wants the word to go out loud
and clear: play ball with us and we don't
really care what you do with our fellow hu­man
i:)eings; human rights is not really a
part of the U.S. national interest.
In fact Reagan doesn't even really care
about human rights violations that occur
here in the United States. The President is
proceding with his plans to certify Chile as
tyrant-free even though Chile refuses to ex­tradite
the junta's intelligence agents who
murdered a former Chilean diplomat and
an American citizen in Washington, D.C.,
in 1976.
In the past, U.S. Presidents have en­joyed
bestowing the Medal of Freedom on
individuals who have made great contribu­tions
to the advancement of freedom and
justice.
Reagan, through his abandonment of a
human rights policy, is now bestowing a
Medal of Tyrrany on any tin horn dictator
who won't kick U.S. based multi-national
corp()rations out of their countries.
This is the Republican Human Rights
policy.
i EXTRA ,
•
Page 3 EL PUEBLO MarzolAbril, 1982
Migra cancela las ''Cartas Silva"
Durante los tiltimos cuatro alios el
caso Silva v.Bell ha tenido una gran
importancia para muchos mexicanos
indocumentados residentes en los
Estados U nidos y para la ejecuci6n de
las leyes migratorias de este pais.
Cuando esta acci6n empez6, Refugio
Silva, un mexicano que habia solici­tado
su inmigraci6n a los EE. UU .,
demand6 al Servicio de lnmigracion y
150,000 visas. Estos amparos trami­tados
a partir de 1977, fueron
conocidos comunmente como "Cartas
Silvas" (Silva Letter&L
A fines de 1 9 81 se termin6 Ia
expedici6n de las 150,000 visas y
ahora se suspende la protecci6n de las
"Cartas Silvas." Esto tiene el efecto
de regresar las personas anteriormente
amparadas al status de indocumen­tado
y sujeto a deportacion.
Hasta el momento, el SIN no ha
anunciado cual sera su politica hacia
las personas que ahora c~recen del
amparo. Todo parece indicar que a las
personas que el SIN encuentre al azar
en sus redarlas en fabricas. etc.,
el nfunero de mexicanos solicitando su
inmigraci6n no se reduzca drastica·
mente, las personas que solicitaron
bajo esa clausula no tienen esperanza
ninguna de que esa solicitud sea
tramitada. Dicho de otra manera~
existe un grupo de miles de mexicanos
que solicitaron su imnigracion antes
de que cambiaran la ley en 1977 que
actualmente residen sin documentos
en los Estados U nidos, pero que por
medio de su presente solicitud posible-­mente
jamas en su vida seran admiti­dos
legalmente.
Este problema, que sufre la gran
_ mayorfa de los anteriormente ampara­dos
bajo "Silva", surge como resul-tado
de dos hechos. El primero es que
a partir de 1977 los Estados Unidos
admite solamente 20,000 solicitantes
mexicanos al afio bajo la "cuota" de
inmigraci6n. El segundo es que a los
solicitantes bajo la clausula vieja
mencionada se les otorg6 una catego­ria
de "no preferencia" bajo la nueva
ley. Esta significa que a estos solici·
tantes solo les corresponde las visas
· que sobre (de las 20,000 disponibles
cad a afio) despues de que hay an sido
admitidos los demas solicitantes . . Con
la excepci6n de las visas recuperadas
bajo "Silva", no han sobrado tales
visas por varios alios y una aprecia­ci6n
realista indicaria que no sobraran
conozca
sus
estas personas que estan nuevamente
sujetas a deportaci6n y que deben salir
de EE.UU. antes de una fecha
determinada o aceptar las consecuen­cias
de una permanencia sin amparo
derechos
en eL pais. - -
c. El aviso por correo de estas
personas de que deben presentarse
para una audiencia de dep(>rtacion.
El vencimiento de · las "Cartas
Silvas" tiene, desde luego, serias
-consecuencias para":, todos que las
consiguieron bajo el supuesto de que
estas les protegerian hasta que consi­guieran
su inmigracion legal a los
EE.UU. Entre los mas seriamente
· afectados se encuentran aquellos que
Naturalizacion (SIN) para que se
otorgaran aproximadamente 150,000
visas adicionales a solicitantes de
pafses latinoamericanos. (Dicha
demanda se bas6 en el argumento de
que el SIN les habia quitado igual
mimero de visas a solicitantes de estos
paises a raiz de errores cometidos con
la admisi6n de refugiados cubanos.)
La corte fall6 a favor de Silva, y a
peticion de los demandantes, esta
ampar6 a las pers~>nas quienes posi­blemente
calificarian para una de las
visas mencionadas para que estos
indocumentados pudieron vivir y
trabajar en EE.UU. sin ·temor de
deportacion mientras se expedian las
estaran sujetas al mismo trato que
aquellos indocumentados que nunca
tuvieron una "Carta Silva.'' Por
tanto, existe un cierto nfunero de
personas que tienen una "Carta
Silva'' que desconocen el hecho de que
a partir de 1982 esta ya no les sirve
como amparo.
El SIN podrfa tomar varias medi­das
en base a esto, entre las cuales
destacan como posibilidades:
a. Una campalia de deportaciones
dirigida a las personas residiendo en
las direcciones dadas por los indocu­mentados
quienes solicitaron una
"Carta Silva."
b. El previo aviso por correo de
solicitaron su inmigracion antes de
que se cambiara la Ley de Inmigra­cion
en 1977 bajo una clansula que
permitfa la admision de personas con
hijos menores de edad nacidos en los
EE.UU~ Si no se cambia la Ley de
lnmigracion y bajo el supuesto de que
ley actual, si es que el interesado
califica.
b. Presentar una solicitud para
suspender su deportacion. Esta alter­nativa
solamente existe para personas
que tienen por lo menos siete afios
residiendo en los EE.UU. y que
reunen otras caracteristicas.
c. Permanecer en los EE.UU.
" expuesto al riesgo de ser expulsado
por el SIN. Personas que actualmente
no califican para inmigrarse s6lo
podran regularizar su status si cambia
Ia Ley de lnmigraci6n de los Estados
U nidos de una man era que les
favorezca.
d. Regresar a su pais por su cuenta.
Para aquellas personas que opten
por permanecer en los EE.UU. y que
. no tienen medios para presentar una
nueva solicitud de inmigraci6n facti­hie
de ser aprobada, la mejor espe­ranza
puede ser algun cambio en la ley
que los beneficie. Es importante
sefialar que ~asta el momento, no hay
ningnn programa de legalizacion o
amnistia general que se haya apro­bado
para los indocumentados. En
julio de 1981, el Presidente Reagan
propuso unos cambios en la Ley de
lnmigraci6n que incluyen un especie
de legalizaci6n. Sin embargo, dicha
propuesta no ha sido aprobada hasta
· el momento, y en el caso de que fuera
aprobada, no favoreciera a todas las
personas indocumentadas en los Esta­dos
U riidos.
A los mexicanos no documentados
en los Estados U nidos que quieren
seguir permaneciendo en este pais,
ademas de esperar algt1n cambio en la
ley, se les puede hacer algunas
Somas trabajadores •••
hacemos Ia riqueza
sugerencias.
La primera, que consulteD a algun
abogado especializado en leyes migra­torias
con el fin de determinar si bajo
Ia ley actual califican para inmigrar
legalmente. Entre las personas que
podrian califkar se encontrarian los
conyuges, nifios, padres y hermanos
de ciudadanos de los Estados U nidos.
El pariente que tenga la ciudadanfa
norteamericana podra haberla adqui­rido
por .nacimiento o por naturaliza­cion.
Residentes legales en los
EE.UU. generalmente pueden solid­tar
su naturalizaci,6n despues de cinco
afios de residencia legal. La naturali­zaci6n
de un pariente cercano puede
establecer eligibilidad en algunos
casos y acelerar el tramite de otros.
Ademas de parientes de ciudadano~
norteamericanos, tambien pueden
calificar los c6nyuges e hijos solteros
•••
tenemos derechos.
S.ru..ud IJI,...._ ............. Inc. P.O.Bc.716,•S.lo1Aapi.CA.900ZZ
en el futuro. Por lo tanto, los que
solicitaron su inmigraci6n entre las
fechas aproximadas de octubre, 1975,
a diciembre 1977, t1nicamente bajo Ia
clansula correspondiendo a personas
con hijos menores nacidos en los
EE.UU. ahora no tienen esperanza dt
ser admitidos legalmente bajo esa
solicitud.
Las personas que ahora carecen de
la protecci6n de la "Carta Silva"
tienen varias opciones que pueden
contemplar, mismas que son aplica­bles
a mexicanos indocumentados en
general. Algunos de estas son:
a. Presentar una nueva solicitud de
inmigraci6n bajo alguna clausula de la
de residentes legales y personas que
tienen ciertos oficios y que pueden
conseguir ciertos tipos de empleo
especializado en los Estados U nidos.
La segunda se refiere a lo que el
indocumentado debe hacer en el caso
de ser detenido por alglin agente de
inmigraci6n. Dicha persona no debe
ofrecer ningt1n dato, salvo el de su
nombre. EJ detenido no tiene obliga­ci6n
alguna de contestar a otras
preguntas ode mostrar ningt1n docu­mento,
incluyendo la "Carta Silva."
La persona que anteriormente tenia la
"Ca~ Silva" debe exigir una audien­cia
individual de deportaci6n. Con
pocas excepciones, Ul)a persona tal no
estara sujeta. a· castigos criminales,
tales como carcel o multas. General­mente
las amenazas de los agentes del
t:::iT 5
Page 4 EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
Chuckles, jokes and quips can't
spawned by New Federalis
ask -the horrors
With the media starting to report the
dismal results of Reaganomics, namely
high unemployment and high interest
rates, the President has adopted a new
crusade.
"The New Federalism," by which Re­agan
plans. to turn government programs
back to the states, is nothing more than a
sham designed to divert attention away
from the real failures 'of his adminis-
, tration_
Turning Federal programs back to the
states doesn't make sense for two reasons.
First of all, there is one economy in this
\country - not fifty separate economies as
the Presid~nt and his voodoo advisers seem
to be claiming.
When jobs disappear from one area of
the country, people move to another area,
just as farmworkers from the south and the
midwest dustbowl did in the 1930's. The
people moved even when they were met
with armed resistance.
No Jobs in the Sun Belt
Today the sun-belt is experiencing the
same influx that the industrialized north­east
experienced during and after World .
War II. ·
Returning the determination for all
aspects of unemployment benefits to the
states would create fifty different pro-grams
for one economy and make the suf­fering
in depressed areas even worse.
The President is also planning to return
such programs as food stamps and welfare
to the individual states. Are people un-equally
hungry or in need of shelter in dif­ferent
parts of the country?
Secondly, returning these and other
programs to the states will create an in­credible
fiscal burden for the states, even
with the limited financial help that Reagan
says the Feds will provide.
Under the President's plan a temporary
trust fund would be established to, pay the
costs of the programs returned to the
states for the first four years.
Not Enough in Trust Fund
The amount of ·money that Reagan
Go-bierno publica reoorte racista
plans to put in the trust fund would require
the states · to raise huge amounts of addi­tional
money to keep the benefits even at
their current level. r
The states would have to raise taxes by
$13 billion. New York, already on the finan­cial
ropes, would have to raise an extra $1.4
billion; California, an extra $1.2 billion;
Pennsylvania, an extra $764 million, and ·
even small states such as Maine an extra
$100 million.
Reagan might really believe that his
"New Federalism" proposal is in the pub­lic
interest, but rriost governors and :
mayors don't, and anyone with the ability
to use simple arithmetic or a pocket calcu­lator
can't.
The "New Federalism" is really the
"New Poverty" and even President Re­agan
probably knows it.
Alega Me_xican~os -so·n "lnferiores"
En 1846 Charles Bent, gobernador de Nuevo Mexico,
se.refiri6 a los mexicanos como "cruzados" (perros
callejeros) que se oponen al control de Anglo­americanos.
En 1848 G.B. Tingley de la legislatu'ra de California
dijo, ''Los mexicanos y latinos son personas
deprovistas de inteligencia, viciosos,
deshonestos ... con un intelecto solo un grado mayor que
las bestias del campo ... "
En1930E1Dr. Roy I. Ganis,segimeluna 'autoridad'
en eugenesia report6 en un snbcomite federal que ''las
mentes mexicanas funcionan al mismo ni vel que los
animales ... ''
· En 1968 el 'historiador' de Texas T.R. FehreRb~h
escribi6 en uno de sus libros que los rinches de Telas ·
(Texas Rangers) usa ron violencia contra los
mexicanos porque los mexicanos son
" ... salvajes ... traidores:." (Nota: Aim hoy este
'historiador' sigue contaminando mentes con sus
'sabias' opiniones en su columna del periodico S.A.
Express)
En1969eljuezGeraldS. Chargindijoencorteabierta
que todos los mexicanos son " .. .inferiores a los
animales ... miserables ... gente mediocre ... "
Ahora, el pasado mes de febrero, el mismo gobierno
de EUN por medio del Departamento de Defensa
(DOD) dijo en un reporte publicado en muchos
periodicos qu~ los reclutas mexicanos y negros
obtienen grados mas bajos que los reclutas anglos en
los examenes de aptitud general a ·causa de
'' ... inferioridad genetica ... ''
El reporte del DOD aclaraba que los analistas del
DOD no son racistas porque ellossimplemente estaban
haciendo publico "los resultados de un estudio."
Estos 'analistas' racistas no son diferente a sus
pred.ecesores racistas que sufrian ilusiones de
supremacia blanca:
Exonera-ron convenientemente al sistema
educacional racista que produce en masa graduados
de secundarias a mexicanos y negros inca paces de leer
yescribir;
'Inocentemente' ignoraron la verdad, comprobada
por miles de estudios cientificos, que estudiantes
mexicanos y negros son victimas de un sistema
educacional inferior y racista mientras los estudiantes
anglos se benefician de una mejor educaci6n y de
mejores escuelas.
Tambien escondieron la verdad que familias
. niexicanas y negras han sufrido generaci6n tras
generaci6n de bajos salarios, racismo y represi6n no
solo de racistas disfrazados de policias, patrones,
profesores, politicos, etc. sino tambien del mismo
gobierno de EUN y han sido esas condiciones socio-
. economicas deplorables las que han resultado en
gradilados semi-analfabetos. ,
Muchos aceptaran sin duda la declaraci6n racista
delOOD. Ellos tambien son victimas de las ensefianzas
de 'historiadores' como Fehrenbach, Fray Angelico y
otros; ignoran los escritos de Rodolfo Acufia, Americo
Paredes y otros historiadores mexicanos cuyos
trabajos reflejan una investigaci6n met6dica y no
-simplemente una repetici6n de cuentos racistas.
Los recientes insultos por el DOD quedan como clara
prueba, si es que alguien aim sigue exigiendo prueba,
de que estamos vi viendo en una sociedad racista aun
guiada por el cancer mentalllamado el Destino
Manifiesto. ·
;.No seria tremendo si todos los }ovenes
mexicanos/ chicanos y negros se nagaran alistarse en
el servicio military aside jar que los 'geoericamente
superiores' jovenes anglos sean los que manden a
morir en las guerras "protegiendo los intereses norte­americanos?"
QUR FUTURE : IS ·up TO YOU
. Los lnvitamos
Ser,-· Parte De El
a
Pueblo
~H~Ip Us . Continu" 1 PUb·llShing The Truth'
Invitamos a todos nuestros lectores
y simpatizantes a que ayuden a con­tinuar
1a publicacion ·de El Pueblo.
El Pueblo se publica con los esfuer­zos
colectivos de voluntarios y nadie
recibe pago por S\1 tiempo y talento.
la verdad y que no este controlado por
ningun politiqtJero ni grupo politico.
Los problemas y peligros
economicos, sociales y poUticos de
hoy y maiiana requieren que todos
nosotros seamos mas activos si
deseamos protejemos del racismo,
los bajo sueldos, el desempleo, abusos
policiacos y muchos ortros peligros
que confrontan a nuestra gente.
We invite our re1,1der~ and supporters to
help Continue El Pu'~blo'.
El Pueblo is strictly a volunteer effort and
no one receives payment for his/her time
and talent.
Funds needed for printing, photography,
mailing and other expenses are obtained
through benefit dances and festivals.
However, your donations and active par·
ticipation is needed if El Pueblos is to grow
into a more powerful and effective voice for
our community.
As ·an independent community-based
ne~epaper, El Pueblo must depend on your
help.
Those of us who help with all the work re­quired
to publish El Pueblo do so because
we believe that the Mexican people can and
must have our own newspaper that teHs the
truth and is not controlled by any politician
or sell-serving political group.
The current and future economic, social
and political dangers require that each of us
become more active if we are to defend
ourselves from racism, low-pay, unemploy­ment,
police abuse and many other dangers
our people face.
No one else is going to do it for us.
So, we have to rely and help our own
organizers if they ·are honestly trying to
forge a strong unity among our people.
We are confident that together we can do
it. Our own history proves that we can do it.
Contact El Pueblo and volunteer your
help. Call us at 224-4250.
El dinero necesario para pagar la
imprenta, las fotos, timbres de cor­reo,
y otros gastos se obtiene por
medio de bailes y festivales de
beneficio. Sin embargo, se necesita
sus donaciones y su activa participa­cion
para que El Pueblo cresca mas y
se convierta en una voz de 1a com­unidad
ma5 fuerte y efeetiva.
Como peri6dico independiente con
base en 1a comunidad, El Peublo ob­viamente
depende en le respaldo de
us ted.
Los que laboramos voluntariamente
en 1a publicacion de El Pueblo lo
hacemos porque creemos que el
pueblo mexicano. y latino puede y
debe tener su propio peridico que diga
Nadie lo va a hacer por nosotros.
Por lo tanto, tenemos que depender
de nuestros propios organizadores
honestos si vamos a establecer una
unidad inquebrantable entre nuestro
pueblo.
Nosotros estamos seguros que si
podemos lograr esa unidad. Nuestro
propia historia nos demuestra que lo
podemos hacer.
Contacte a El Pueblo y ofresca su
ayuda. IJamenos al teiefono (512)
224-4250.
Magdelena: symbol
ot· struggle
Se ha publicado un pamfleto tituladl
"Raiz Fuerte Que NoSe Arranca" en
homenaje a la vida de Magdalena
Mora.
Magdalena fue una organizadora
muy conocida y respetada. Falleci6 el
aiio pasado ala edad de 29 afios. Muchos
de sus compaiieros y compaiieras se
reunieron la noche del 13 de junio de
1981 en el lnstituto Internacional de Los
Angeles, California, a rendir
homenaje.
Lo siguiente es parte de dos discursos
hechos por dos de los varios oradores
esa noche y publicados en el pamfleto.
Bert Corona
(Organizador, Hermandad Mexi­cana
N acional, Sun Valley)
· · Venimos a hacer hm;nenaje a la vida
de una compaiiera, qui en aunque joven
. y, en los tiltimos afios de su vida, muy
agobiada por su enfermedad, nos dio un
ejemplo y modelo muy fino y limpio
- para seguir. .
(:!onocJ a Magdalena como activista
muy consagrada. Siempre nos
alentara con su decidida intenci6n de
abrir nuevos pasos y caminos para
progresar, ya sea en la lucha obrera o
en el obtener de un mejor
entendimiento y orientaci6n para
luchar.
Nuestro pueblo necesita modelos,
ejemplos y lideres como Magdalena y,
muy especialmente, los necesita
nuestra juventud.
Siempre las hemos tenido desde
Lucia Gonzalez, la gran lider, la
compaiiera de los maquiles de
Chicago.
Las tuvimos en Teresita Urrea, lider
de los min eros y de los indios de Sonora,
de Chihuahua y de Arizona. Los .
tuvimos en Emma Temayuca, lider de
Ia gran huelga de los trabajadores
nueceros de San Antonio, Texas, y
tambien lider politica de las luchas
sindicales y militantes del estado de
Texas. Y tambien en las jovenes, muy
jovenes, lideres obreras: Luisa
Moreno y Josefina Rielo. Es en esta
tradici6n dentro de Ia cual ubicamos a
Magdalena.
Ahora como en otras epocas de gran
crisis, nuestro pueblo trabajador
necesita que surjan sus hijas e hijos
mas nobles y decididos en las luchas
que ya comienzan a darse por los
trabajadores mexicanos en este pais.
Y es en este presente y este futuro
inmediato en el cual ya nos
encontramos, que vamos apreciando
mas y mas el gran valor de Magdalena.
Necesitamos jovenes que poseen la
confianza, la fe y Ia seguridad en el
triunfo inevitable y seguro de la clase
obrera.
Nuestra respuesta al reclamo de la
historia, del t.iempo y de nuestros
trabajadores no es solamente en hac~r
homenaje y honor a Magdalena, a todas
nuestras Magdalenas del pas ado;
porque el honor a nuestro pasado, a
riuestros seres dignos y ejemplares
esta en el presente, por medio de·
nuestras acciones y nuestras luchas de
hoy. La vida de Magdalena es un
desafio para todos nosotros.
Confiamos. que los trabajadores
mexicanos que la conocieron e'stan
respondiendo y seguiran
respondiendo. Asi, a nosotros tambien
nos queda. dar nuestra respuesta hoy y
mafiana.
A pamphlet entitled ;;Raiz Fuerte
que no se Arranca" honoring the life of
Magdalena Mora has been published
and is available to our readers.
Magdalena was a well-known and
respected organizer in California. She
died last year at the age of 29. Many of
her friends came together the night of
June 13, 1981, at the International In­stitute,
Los Angeles California, to
honor her memory.
The following are excerpts of the
statements made by two of the many
well-known speakers at the memorial
and published in the pamphlet.
Rudy Acuna
(Profesor, Universidad Estatal de
California, Northridge)
It is very difficult to speak. I think
we're all emotional. But we all have
something in common here. We can say
that we were all friends of Magdalena.
Many times we're had our dif­ferences.
But this· is a point of unity,
and one of the things that we. have to
remember is that Magdalena was a
movement person. She was a move­ment
person, and, in spite of any dif­ferences
that we may have, we're all
movement people. We've been around
for a long time, and we've been struggl-ing,
and she struggled. ·
When I first met Magdalena, I
didn't know how to take her. She was a
student, about eighteen years old. She
was criticizing things. But, I'd heard
an awful lot of students who criticized
things. and many times. maybe
because you have the canas in your
head, you see a lot of things, you start
to become cynical. Then you start to
listen to a person ... you start to look at
them in their point of struggle. And I
looked at Magdalena, and I said, what
a beautiful fanatic, because the fanatics
make the movement. The people that
have the clarity of vision make the
movement. The agitators make the
movement. The people that don't com­promise
make the movement.
We've had many martyrs in the
movement. And what has happened to
those martyrs? We've never really done
anything for those martyrs. We have
never really put them up as symbols
and we still look at the Cinco de Mayo
and the Sixteenth of September. We
should. Those are our Mexican roots.
But we have roots here. We have peo­ple
here who have suffered. We should
remember them. We should remember
people like Magdalena.
· I don't want to forget Magdalena. I
want Magdalena to live on. I want my
kids to read about Magdalena. I want
my grandchildren to read about
·Magdalena. And I want to read about
an awful lot of other Magdalenas
because this is the nobleness of our peo­ple.
Our people who have struggled
from the beginning and have not com­promised.
And Magdalena is living.
....... .... ......... . -
QUOTEOFTHEMONTH
"Today we want to say clearly to
President Reagan and Secretary Haig
that their enemies in El Salvador are
noi our enemies. ''
EdAsner
President, Screen Actor's Guild
Star of Lou Grant
Page 5 EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
lMagdalena ~ora fi¥1lemorialtrund .
P.O.Boz1165
o '• will ~tribut• tq ~~~n9 o c::n~~~~
· Mo:gd,Cif•no's PQJMtJ, photO$, .monus&iab,
s,..a;ft, •tc. to th• Mvseo de TlGft~uhotliio.
:~~::~~'
0 1 wij( ~l>ow o slid•. sho..tof! MogdaltJna's.,iif• J omu .~ith script}. . .
Carta '' S i,lva''
!SIN de que el detenido sera enca~ce­lado
son falsas.
La persona que quiera permanecer
en los EE.UU. y que quiera pelear su
expulsi6n despues de ser detenido
debe exigir una audiencia de deporta­ci6n.
No perjudica su situacion de
manera alguna al exigir esto y
dicha audiencia es un derecho que
tiene cualquier persona detenida
por el SIN.La persona que opte por
pelear su expulsi6n puede conseguir
varios resultados a su favor' .entre los
cuales el mas importante puede ser el
posponer su salida del pais basta que
termine el tramite de alguna solicitud
de inmigraci6n que tenga. Sin
embargo, la persona que adopte esta
alternativa debe estar preparada a
pagar una fianza para conseguir su
libertad mientras espera su audiencia.
Si el monto que pide el SIN_ para la
Subscribe ~o:
fianza es muy alto, el detenido puede
pedir una audiencia para reducir el
costo de la misma. La persona sujeta a
deportaci6n que desea permanecer en
el pais, tales como aquellas anterior­mente
amparaaas, debe hacer los
arreglos para la fianza de antemano
con algim pariente · o amigo para
facilitar su libertad despues de ser
detenido.
A manera de conclusi6n debe
set\alarse que la informaci6n y las
sugerencias arriba expuestas son
generales. El caso de cualquier indivi­duo
puede ser diferente. Al suspen­derse
las protecciones de Ia "Carta
Silva", no se han suspendido los
derechos de los indocumentados en los
Estados Unidos. Estos .siguen tenien­do
los derechos que siempre han
tenido, pero que pocas veces han
sabido utilizar a su favor.
EJ.,·· PUEBLO
P. o. Box 9281
San Antonio, Texas 78204
Name:
Address:
Cit.y: . · State:
ZIP:·· Telephone:
_Subscription: $5.00 per year
..,._
Page 6. EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
.-----------------~----------------~----------------~
: EL PUEBLO UNIDO :
: What happened to our "Leaders"? :
I I
I In our previous columns we have analyzed how . . . (cultural colonization) carried out syst~matically I
land why the rich who control the U.S. government Antomo, fo~. example, or~an.tzed a hesta last by the U.S. government at various fronts. 1
lhave been trying for over 134 years to completely February to ~elebr~te the stgmng of. the ~reaty of However, although there are some who have I
I dominate the Mexican people living in the U.S. Guadalupe Hidalgo stands ?s a.testlmomal to the succumbed to the assimilation propaganda, they
IThis month's column will briefly discuss some of success ~f the mental conlomzauon process. are a small number and the majority of our people~
the effects of that colonization process within our Tha_t mfamous treaty should be condemned not have successfully resisted. . I
lpeople's organizations. only because it ';as used ot legalize the flagrant Not only have we succeeded in ~aintaining ourl
We have defined 'colonialism' as the· process theft of our tern~ory but also because the ,u.S. language and ..cdlture alive .hut we have made I
thru which one people or government attempts to ~overnment has VIOlated many of ~~e Trea~y s ar- political and economic advances. In addition, oura
physically and mentally dominate other people for ttcles of agre~me~t. lns~ead, these leaders chose peop_le still have many honest and un'compromis-1 the purpose of exploitation and subjugation. - to celebrate m With ~ ~Ies;a! " . . ing leaders who have not prostituted their prin..:
In addition to the invasion and ultimate theft The mental condittomng of many Hispamc ciples and our people's best interests ~
through violence of a vast amount o~ Mexican ter- leade~s" of today is evident in many ?ther ways. Despite the massive propaganda .against our I
ritory, the U.S. government has conducted an ex- ~ne IS the shameful way some ~ave)ump.ed ~x- culture and identity conducted daily in our I
tensive deculturalization program as we have ex- CI~edly on the p~opaganda c~mpaign m. sohdanty schools, the media, work place, etc. our people 1
plained in previous columns. with the Pohsh workers self-servmgly or- will continue to resist the intended extintion of our 1
This program has been successful to the degree ?~estra~ed by U,.S. banke~s, yet these s~me culture and. our will to resist;
that today many Chicano "leaders" are at best h~sp~mc leaders . are afraid to even qmetly In our next column we will present a brief over- I
apologists for the racist colonial system and some cnticize the U:S.-fm.anced massacre~ of our own view of our people's struggle since 1836. We will I
in fact are willing enforces of the abuse and ex- brothers and sisters m Central Amenc~. analyze our organizational successes and failures. I
ploitation of our people. · These are some o~ the results of the c~reful~y- We believe that by learning from our past~ we can 1
I The fact that some Chicano ''leaders' in San planned attacks agamst our culture and Identity better organize today for a better life in the future. I
I .
I ! SOMOS UN P,UEBLO . SIN FRONTERAS . i
·------~-----------------~------------------------~--
Jr.jl
Acritiz Critica La Pobreza En Mexico
I
Habla Elpidia Carrillo:
~~una actriz no puede ser
indifererente a Ia politica." ff2]
Elpidia Carrillo tiene viente afios. Naci6 en Para-cuaro,
Michoadn, y si le hubieran preguntado a alguien en
ese tiempo, si podia salir una actriz de cine de esa pro­vincia,
lo mas seguro es que se hubieran puesto a reir,
porque en los pequenfios pueblos se cree que las mu­jeres
solo sirven para cocinar y tener hijos.
Elpidia es la cuarta de ocho hermanos. Actualmente
estudia la preparatoria. Politicamente es una mujer muy
da:ra y afirma: "Yo no pienso como otras actrices en el
senti do de que no debemos participar en politica. · Creo
que una actriz se debe a su pueblo y debe pensar en
beneficio de este, no puede ser indiferente."
En comparacion de muchas de las "estrellas," Ia
actriz mexiq.na tiene bien puestos los pies sobre la tierra.
"Creo· que mi pais es pobr~ porque hay una distribuci6n
desigual de las riquezas. Que el petroleo solamente es
para llenar los bolsillos de una clase social: de Ia bur­guesla."
El papel que representa en la peli'cula "La Frontera"
es el de una muchacha de provincia que se viene a los
Estados Unidos en busca de mejores oportunidades y
se enfrenta a una banda bien organizada en compania
d~ Charlie (] ack Nicholson).
"La verdad es que no me gusto el papel de Maria. E;-1
toda la pelicula estoy sucia y me parece que esa es Ia
impresi6n que, Ia mayoria de los americanos tienen de
nosotros los Iatinos, que somos sucios. Y eso no es
c~erto."
Elpidia Carrillo ha participado en Ia filmaci6n de varias
pehculas, entre las cuales estan: "Pafnucio Santo," "Al
Filo del Agua," "La Frontera" y "El Nuevo Mundo"
que es la que mas le ha gustado a ella.
Recientemente Elpidia visit6 Cuba, donde fue in­vitada
por el Instituto de Cine Cubano. "Creo que hay
algunas limitaciones, pero pienso que las cosas no estan
tal y como Ia pin tan aqui," sefiala.
Elpidia se encuentra en gira artistica y publicitaria
por los Estados Unidos. Tiene una fuerte barrera que
es el idioma. Actualmente estudia ingles y se muestra
optimista.
Lo cierto es que Elpidia ha logrado triunfar. Su
tal en to ha quedado demostrado en la pelicula "La Fron­tera."
Son muchas cos as las que podriamos decir, pero
nos basta con senalar que es una latina, y sobre todo una
latina comprometida con su raza.
(From: EL TECOLOTE)
~~~~~~;~::;a::·~a:~:~::~-a:~~~~:l~:~:;:~::;·;;~:~:u:;~::~~::~:~:::~---·-·1
Kelly Island Cafe
2210 Cupples
Connie's Cafe
737 Hwy 81 So.·
Armand Food Store
3602 W. Woodlawn
El Mexiquito Restaurant
1212 Nogalitos
Clinica Amistad
1501 Tampico
Calderon Grocery
1425 sw 19th
T a c o M a r t If 2 Olga's Cafe
1402 Quintana Rd. 3735 SW Military
Lupita's Restaurant Ortegon's Records
5923 Culebra 939 Bandera
Little House Cafe
107 S. Flores
Elizondo's Cafe
2814 Commercial
D a.v i 1 a ' s S h o p ·
1007 Hw 90 West
Aztec N_ews
211 E. Commerce
**AND MANY
OTHER STORES** I -------------------------·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-----·-·-·-·-----·-----·-·-.
---
Page 7 EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
r-il-PifEBLO-UNIDO----~-------~-------------~-------
: G Que paso con nuestros "llderes"?
I
I
I
I
r I
I I
~En nuestras columnas previas hemos analiza do
omo y por que los ricos que controlan el gobiemo de
UN han estado tratando por mas de 134 aiios de
dominar completamente ala gente mexicana. La
I columna de este mes presenta brevemente algunos
Jde los efectos de ese proceso de colonizaci6n entre las
pasado para "celebrar el firmado del Tratado de cuidadosamente planeados contra nuestra cultura e 1
Guadalupe Hidalgo" queda como un testimonio a este identidad. 1
proceso de colonialismo mental. Sin embargo, aunque algunos si han sucumbido a la
1organizaeiones de nuestro pueblo.
Hemos definido· colonialismo como el proceso
latraves del ctlal un gobiemo atenta dominar fisica y
lmentalmente otra gente.
1 Ademas de la invasion sangrienta y el robo. de una
lvasta cantidad de territorio mexicano, el gobierno de
EU ha conducido un programa extensivo contra
I nuestra cultura e identidad como hemos explicado en
1 columnas previas.
I Este programa ha sido exitoso al grado de que hoy
muchos ''lideres'' Chicanos sirven como apologistas
I del sistema colonial y algunos de hecho enforzan ese
1 sistema abusivo contra nuestro pueblo.
I El hecho de que algunos "lideres" Chicanos en San f Antonio, por ejemi?lo, organizaron una fiesta elfebrero
Ese tratado infame deberia ser condenado no solo propaganda de asimilaci6n, son un pequeiio nwnero y .1
· porque fue usado para legalizar el robo flagrante de lamayoriadenuestragenteharesistidoexitosamente.l
nuestGQ territorio sino tambien porque el gobierno de Nosolohemostenidoexitoenmantener,vivonuestro.l
E~h~~ioladomuchosdelosarticulosdeesetratado. len~~aje y cultura: sino que hemos hecho avances I
Sm embargo, estos "lideres" escogieron celebrarlo politicos Y econorrncos. Ademas, nuestra gente aun
con una uesta! tiene muchos lideres honestos y sin compromiso que no I
El acondicionamiento mental de muchos ''lideres han prostituido sus principios ni los mejores intereses 1
Hispanos'' de hoy es evidente en muchas otras de nuestro pueblo. I
maneras. A pesar de Ia propaganda masiva contra nuestra
Porejemplolavergonzosamaneraenquealgunosde cultura e identidad conducida diariamente en las I
ellos han participado exitadaq1ente en la hipocrita escuelas, la prensa, Iugar de trabajo, etc., nuestra I
campaiia propagandista "en solidaridad con los gente continuararesistiendo la intentada extinci6n de 1
trabajadores polacos" la cual ha sido orquestada por nuestra cultura y nuestra voluntad a resistir. I
banqueros de EUN pero al mismo tiempo esos mismos En nuestra siguiente columna presentaremos una
"lideres Hispanos" tienen miedo de quejarse de los breve historia de la lucha de nuestra gente desde 1836J
masacresfinanciadosporEUNdenuestroshermanos Creemos que aprendiendo de nuestro pasadq
y hermanas en America Central. podemos hoy organizarnos mejor para una vida mejor1 Estos son algun~s de los resultados de los ataques en el futuro. l
I I
: SOMOS UN PUEBLO . SlN FRONTERAS 1 '·--------------------------·----------------------------
Poeta·s Participan
En Expo S.A.
TRIUNF AN POET AS CHICANOS EN
FORO CULTURAL CAPITAUNO
por Juan Jose Gloria R.
~exico, D.F.: Durante la reciente
Expo San Antonio en esta capital se
presentaron en el escenario de
FONAGORA los poetas Chicanos de
San Antonio, Texas: Angela de Hoyos y
Alfredo de la Torre.
Angela de Hoyos se presento
primero, ante un nutrido grupo de
personas que vinieron a escuchar a los
dos poetas. La poetisa De Hoyos recito·
varios poemas en castellano y otros los
recito bilingtiemente. Varios de ellos
dedicados ala mujer como: ''Capricho
de .la Mujer Burguez" y "Se Quedo
Muda y Sorda" donde tam bien hace
resaltar el machismo del hombre
latinoamericano.
Y no falto su comentario social sobre
las condiciones que actualinente viven
los jovenes de los barrios chicanos.
"Will Not Harm the Ozone" escrito
sobre el tema del dibujo de Ramon
Vasquen y Sanchez que trata de los
adolescentes chicanos que se envician
en .el aspirar cemento o pegamento
industrial, lo cualles produce una
sensaci6n de embriaguez, pero la cual
es muy daiiina para sus tiernos nervios
cerebrales.
Alfredo de ia Torre leyo un capitulo
de su pronto a publicarse"libro; "Salio
de la Jaula el Leon.''
La prosa de DelaTorre, a parte de ser
colorida y salpicada de anglisismos y
modismos chicanos y de sertotalmente
divertida en su estilo y presentaci6n, es
un comentario social que no solo
describe la situaci6n de los Chicanos
que se van al norte de EUN en la epoca
de "los trabajos de labor," sino que
denuncia situaciones de opresi6n y
marginaci6n que aun existen entre los
Chicanos que siguen la ruta de "las
piscas y la limpia."
De la Torre ademas narro algo
acerca de la politica actual de San
Antonio y sin pelos en la boca denuncio
el racismo existente dentro de la
administraci6nmtmicipal de la ciudad.
Quizas eso es lo que hace a De la
Torre un autentico artista del pueblo,
porque atravez de su obra artistica se
atreve a defenderlo y denunciar las
injusticias que todavia existen.
(Nota: El autor de este ensayo critico es un
periodista quien basta recientemente
desempeiiara Ia tarea de Ed.ftor y Director
. del semanario catolico nacional, El
Visitante Dominical. El Lie. Gloria se
encuentra en Ia capital mexicana cursando
Ia Maestria en Ia Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico, UNAM)
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·~------~ I .
!ATENCION ATENCION . ATENCIONj
!F AMILIAS CON PER MIS OS "SILVA": j
!s1 USTED TIENE UN PERMISO "SILVA" Y SE REGISTRO CON LAj
IMIGRA, USTED RECIBIRA UNA CARTA PIDIENDOLE QUE SE.
•REPORTE A LA OFICINA LOCAL DE LA MIGRA. AHI LEI
ICANCELARAN EL PERMISO "SILVA" Y LE DARAN 30 DIAS PARA•
•QuE SALGA DEL PAIS. I ! NO COOPERE CON LA MIGRA tt . •
tTODAS LAS PERSONAS CON PERMISO "SILVA" DEBEN!
• REHUSARSEACOOPERARCONLAMIGRA.OBTENGALAAYUDADEI
IUN ABOGADO YA QUE PUEDE TENER DERECHO A PERMANECER.
•AQUI EN E.U. I
INO FIRME NINGUN DOCUMENTO CON LA MIGRA. HABLE CON•
I•ALGUN ABOGADO. LLAME A LAS SIGUIENTES PERSONAS Ol
GRUPOS PARA MAS INFORMACION: •
iLIC. NICASIO DIMAS ( 512) 223-3516 I
• LIC. LEE TERAN ( 512) 733-8126 i
l!:F21!!.<!P..!.SO_!~ .!~~~2J~!!l :~2~ .. -.-. -.-. -. -. - .. ~
iNecesita "" mas
Maquiladoras Mexico?
Al mismo tiempo que los gobiernos
de EUN y Mexico estan discutiendo la
posibilidad de establecer Zonas Libres
industriales en la franja fronteriza
norte de Mexico, _segun ellos para
"estimular el desarrollo econ6mico de
Mexico y combatir la pobreza," las
maquiladoras que ya existen en esa
area continuan explotando y
reprimiendo a los trabajadores.
Un ejemplo de esta situaci6n es la
filstoria de una de esas maquiladoras
norteamericanas: Acapulco Fashions
de Ciudad Juarez.
Desde su establecimiento en Juarez
en 1968, Acapulco Fashions se ha
caracterizado por el constante despido
injustificado de sus 400 trabajadores y
por la destrucci6n de las
organizaciones laborales
independientes.
De 1968 a 1978, 82 demandas fueron
presentadas ante la Junta Local de
Conciliaci6n y Arbitraje contra la
empresa por despidos injustificados.
La empresa abri6 otra planta en
Zacatecas denominada Crescent, S.A.,
y para 1978 esta ocupaba a 1,600
trabajadores, la mayor parte mujeres.
Esta plan~ se dedica a la maquila de
ropa interior de mujer la cual se vende
aquienEUN.
Originalmente la empresa abrio la
planta en Zacatecas para destruir wui
huelga que los trabajadores
declararon en la planta de Ciudad
Juarez. Despues de varios aiios de
sufrir los mismos abusos en esa nueva·
planta, los trabajadores tambien
declararon huelga.
La huelga en Crescent fue una de las
mas largas que se hayan visto en una
maquiladora en Mexico pues tuvo una
duraci6n de 70 dias. Durante ese
periodo los trabajadores lucharon
contra dos enemigos: Los dueiios de la
empresa y elgobierno de Mexico el cual
hizo todo lo posible para romper la
huelga y protejer los intereses de la
empresa norteamericana.
Despues de una larga lucha que
ayud6 a unir a los trabajadores de las
dos plantas y sirvi6 como fuerte
experiencia organizativa para los
trabajadores., la empresa se vio
forzada a ceder varias de las
demandas.
Sin embargo, al ver que ya no era tan
facil continuar la explotaci6n y demas
abusos contra sus trabajadores, la
empresa norteamericana decidi6
cerrar las puertas de las dos plantas
dejando en la miseria a mas de 1,000
trabajadoras.
Seguramente la empresa abrira
otras plantas en otras partes de Mexico
y comenzara de nuevo con su super­explotaci6n
de trabajadores. Para las
maquiladoras no es ninglin problema
cerrar y abrir plantas ya que el mismo
gobierno de Mexico ayuda- esta
practica inhumana.
Nota: Las trabajadoras de Crescent se
encuentran en una situacion economica
muy dificil. Por favor en vie cualquier
donativo que le sea posible a: Sindicato ·
Unico lndependiente de Trabajadoras de
Crescent, lnsurgentes No. 213, Zacatecas,:
· Zacatecas.
·········~·································· • • • • ., .
: Apoy~ Su i : • • • • t • • • ! l;l§i(•Hit{•l . :
• ·- t. •• • • : fDijiJM=HI•J l i . ' . . . . ' ................•.......................... ,
...
~
...
Page 8 EL PUEBLO Marzo/Abril, 1982
Stop .. the U.S. War In
POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS IN a SALVADOR, CARRIED OUT BY THE
ARMY, SECURITY FORCES, AND PARMILITARY DEATH-sqJAOS,
1.2,501
1978 1979 1980 1981
12,501
1978- 1981
1980
~: Legal Afd Office of the Archdiocese of S•n Salvador
~: Approxfmte \
-With respect to the right to political
freedom, there has been an increase in
the number of individuals who have
been deprived of their freedom for
political reasons. According to the
Center for Documentation and Informa­tion
of the Central American University
of El Salvador, 1,972 people were im­prisoned
in 1981, that is 597 over the total
in 1980. tproceso, #46, p. 13).
-The fund~mental freedoms of expres­sion,
association, movement, etc., re­main
suspended given that the state of
siege is still in effect. On the other hand,
Decree 507 has been in effect since
December 3, 1980, making it legal for the
authorities .to keep a prisoner incom­municado
for sixteen: days and suspen­dibg
his/her right to legal defense for a
period of 195 days.
-The government of El Salvador has
deprived workers of their union rights
by prohibiting. collective bargaining
through Decree 544 issued on january 5,
1981. .
As a result of this deteriorating situa- .
tion, in December 1981, the United Na­tions
General Assembly passed a resolu­tion
regretting ''the persistence of a
situation in which governmental
paramilitary organizations and other
groups continue to act with total con­tempt
for the life, security and tranquili­ty
of the civilian pop{.lation." ~U.N.
A/36/792).
For the same reason, the Inter­American
Commission on Human
Rights of the Organization of American
States ~OAS) reported that the worst
human rights violations took place in El
Salvador and Guatemala. According to
the report, illegal executions have taken
place there in "truly alarming numbers"
and "most of them were directly commit­ted
by the security forces. ~OAS/Ser. G,
CP/doc. 1201/81, October 20, 1981, pgs. ·
111-1121
President Reagan's certification, aside
. from issuing excuses and blaming the
"extremes" - thus absolving the
Salvadorean government ...:_ only
presented three concrete pieces of
evidence in favor of the Junta. The first
was the declaration of the Salvadorean
government outlawing the par~military
organization ORDEN .. This took place
during the first Junta ~Oct. 1979-Jan.
1980), not during the present one, and in
any case declaring ORDEN illegal was a
formality without real results since
ORDEN's presence is now more evident
than before in statistics of human rights
violations. The second piece of informa­tion
the President's certification provid­ed
was the Code of Military Conduct
established in October 1980. This, as
many other declarations, has not been
applied in practice. "Land to the Tiller
Program," Dec. 10, '81, p. 9). Third, the
-certification states that the government
of El Salvador h~s removed ultra-rightist ·
military officers. As we will see in the
next section, this measure has merely
been a cosmetic change which has not ·
resulted in a decrease in the repressive
practice of the Armed Forces against the
civil~an population.
CONTROL OF THE ARMED FORCES
TO BRING AN
DISCRIMl.NATE
MURDER OF
CITIZENS
END TO IN­TORTURE
AND
SALVADORE AN
We do not believe that the lack of a
significant improvement in the human
rights situation in El Salvador is mainly
due to the Junta's inability to co:.ilrol its
Armed Forces. ·
Putting aside the statements made by
Junta members, reality demonstrates
that it is precisely the high governmental
authorities which are i~plementing a
policy of indiscriminat~- torture and
assassination against the civilian popula­tion.
During 1981, this policy became
more generalized, specially since the
Armed Forces began to put to practice
·their .. -scorched-earth" policy.;Let's look
at some examples:
-According to reports by the Center
for Documentation and Information of
the Central American University of El
Salvador, from January to November
1981, 3,386 civilians were as~assinated by
the Armed Forces through
"scorched-earth". tactics.
-From December 7 to December 17,
1981, the Armed Forces carried out the
most cruel and .massive slaughter in the
province of Morazan: in just ten days,
more than 1,009 peasants were
assassinated. The army razed entire
villages such as El Mozote where 472 peo­ple
~ere eliminated, and Cerro Pando
where 92 children below the age of four­teen
were murdered. Ample information
· on this massacre has been published by
The Washington Post and The New York
Times on January 27 and 28, 1982 ~
• Torture is an ongoing practice. The
cases of 51 political prisoners under 1
custody in the Santa Tecla Prison have
been documented.
-It is true that some mi~itary officers
with a well-known reputation as tortures
have be~n assigned to the diplomatic
corps ~we know of five such casesJ. The
point, however, is that these have been
cosmetic changes since torture continues
to be practiced and the high ffiilitary of-
El Salvador
ficers in charge of the most repressive
and unpopular security forces have been
given promotions.
-At the same time, inilitary officers
known to have pr~cticed repression and.
~ere removed from the Armed Forces at
the time of the 'Young Officers' coup on
October IS, 1979, . are being re­.
incorporated into the Armed Forces.
The most notorious case is that of Col­onel
Rafael Flores Lima who served as
private secretary to General Carlos
Humberto Romero (ousted in the Oc­tober
1979 coup) and who now is the
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces.
-Equally revealing is the testimony of
former army soldier, Carlos Antonio
Gomez Montano, published in The New
Y or~ Times on January 11, 1982.
According to Mr. Gomez Montano, one·
of the men drafted with him was pro­moted
to sergeant after having killed his
parents and two siblings for being guer­rilla
sympathizers. During the promo­tion
ceremony a· Colonel "pointed to the
sergeant's act and his promotion as ,
demonstrations of 'bravery' and 'the
hope for progr-:ss in a military career."
Therefore, the assertion President
Reagan makes in his certification that the level of violence and •• abuse
perpetrated by the security forces
decreased in 1981, is far from reality.
The accuracy of the statistics compiled
by the U.S. 'embassy in El Salvador is
questionable, specially in view ' of Am­bassador
Hinton's statements of January
8, 1982 when in reference to the massacre
in the Morazan province in December
1981 he affirmed that "1 certainly cannot
confirm such reports, nor do I have any
reason to heli~ve they are true." Later,
however, in an interview published by
The Was~ngton Post on January 31,
1982 he sta'ted: "From the details I read
in the story there definitely must have
hcen something, hut I don't think it is
anywhere near what they say in the pro­paganda."
Once again, we ask ourselves
if the Administration's policy is to con­ceal
the Junta's deeds against the people,
or to truly contribute to peace in Central
America.
GOOD FAITH EFFORTS FOR A
POLITICAL SOLUTION AND FREE
ELECTIONS
This is a crucial condition in the
legislation ~r«'ved by Congress, which
states thu'bef~re receiving additional
assistance from the U.S. the government
of El Salvador must be committed to the
holding of free elections at an early date,
and to that end has demonstrated its
good faith efforts to begin discussions
with all major- factions in El Salva~or
which have declared their willingness to
find and implement an equitable
politi~l solution to the conflict.
The government of El Salvador has
categorically r~jected any possibility of
discussion that could lead to a political
settlement. •· • -
On September 29, 1981, before the
United Nations General Assembly, Jose
Napolean Duarte stated: "My govern­ment's
expressed desire for peace and
concord completely excludes any
negotiations or dialogue with organized
armed sectors."
On September 30, 1981, President of
Panama, Aristides Royo, offered
Panamanian territory and his good of-_4
£ices inorder that communication bet-1
ween the parties in conflict could take
place. On October 7, 1981, the
Salvac;loren Junta issued a communique
reiterating its position against any form
1 of dialogue: "It is clear that there is no
chance of dialogue or negotiation with
j armed sectors and therefore any
possibility or mediation is excluded.''
{UPI, Oct_. 7, ~981).
Another commumque issued by the
Junta on October 22, 1981, stated along
the same line that "The position of the
Revolutionary Salvadorean Government
'is not to negotiate and not to favor any
b~sis for dialogue with the armed groups
of the FMLN or with ·any other similar
sector." {EFE, Oct. 23, 1981~.
On-the other hand, the FMLN-FDR
has made public and repeated proposals
for peace talks aimed at solving the pre­sent
armed conflict by means of a
political settlement, and thus create the
necessary conditions for a truly
democratic electoral process. In the let­ter
presented before the United Nations
General Assembly of 1981, as well as in
the let~r delivered to President Reagan
on January 28, 1981, both the FMLN and
the FDR have expressed their will to par­ticipate
in a political settlement.·
CONCLUSIONS
We believe that the Presidential Cer­tification'
does not address the rt"-Rl situa­tion
in El Salvador, and that the condi­tions
approved by Congress, inter­preting
the will of the American people,
have not been accomplished.
We believe thaJ the Presidential Cer­tification
is only a formality aimed at
justifying the Administration's support
to the Military/Christian Democratic .
Junta, notwithstanding its responsibility
in the continuous violations ·of human
rights against the Salvadorean people.
Finally, we believe the _ certification
sho~s the Administration's commitment
to continue its militaristic approach,
thro~gh increasing military interven­tion.
This approach not only disregards
the appeal made by the United Nations in
it 36th General Assembly in December
.1981 to "abstain from intervening in the
internal situation in El Salva-dor and sus­pend
all supplies of arms and any type of
military support," hut is also following
the same path that lead the U.S. govern·
ment to a full involvement in "the Viet­Nam
war.
We there call upon the American peo­ple
and the Congress, to oppose further
military aid to the government of El
Salvador. We also request a change in
the Reagan Administration.'s policy
towards El Salvador so that a com-
. prehensive political solution that will
guarante-e the peace and justice our peo­.
pie deserve can be achieved.